The APA Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Boys and Men are designed to summarize the current scholarly research to help psychologists provide their patients with the most effective, evidence-based care. These guidelines may also be of interest to men and boys, as well as their families and loved ones. If you are working with a mental health professional on any of the topics covered, you may wish to share these guidelines with him or her.
Many characteristics commonly linked with masculinity—such as courage, strength, compassion, leadership, and assertiveness—are often associated with positive psychological and behavioral health. However, according to the psychological research cited in the guidelines, some masculine social norms can have negative consequences for the health of boys and men.
From a young age, males are often taught that showing emotion is a sign of weakness. “Boys don’t cry” is a common refrain. But according to research, the rigid suppression of emotions is linked to increased negative risk-taking and inappropriate aggression among men and boys, factors that can put some males at greater risk for psychological and physical health problems. The guidelines acknowledge that men are not biologically hardwired for displaying violence or aggression, but note that compared to women, men have higher rates of violence and substance use, and are more likely to die by homicide or suicide.
Research also shows that men and boys who are taught to bury their feelings are less willing to seek help for psychological distress. As a consequence, many boys and men who need help aren’t getting it. The guidelines are intended to change that fact. By making the guidelines widely available, APA hopes that more men and boys get the message that it’s not only OK to seek help, but also shows strength.
Psychologists who treat men and boys already know that their male clients aren’t stereotypes. They have feelings, needs and desires. They’re adaptable. They possess many positive masculine characteristics. The guidelines are designed to give psychologists a framework to help men and boys embrace their masculinity in ways that are helpful, rather than harmful, to their health and quality of life.